Around 71% of the surface is covered by water and 29% by land. [135][136], The extent of Earth's magnetic field in space defines the magnetosphere. – For millenniums, humans have tried to imagine the world in space. [219] On land, biomes are separated primarily by differences in latitude, height above sea level and humidity. As of 4 January 2018, the United States Strategic Command tracked a total of 18,835 artificial objects, mostly debris. [215] Hence the ability of hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere may have influenced the nature of life that developed on Earth. Without this tilt, there would be an eclipse every two weeks, alternating between lunar eclipses and solar eclipses. [n 3] Earth's largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station. [266] Lord Kelvin used thermodynamics to estimate the age of Earth to be between 20 million and 400 million years in 1864, sparking a vigorous debate on the subject; it was only when radioactivity and radioactive dating were discovered in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that a reliable mechanism for determining Earth's age was established, proving the planet to be billions of years old.[267][268]. When combined with the Earth–Moon system's common orbit around the Sun, the period of the synodic month, from new moon to new moon, is 29.53 days. In the Southern Hemisphere, the situation is reversed, with the summer and winter solstices exchanged and the spring and autumnal equinox dates swapped. The flow of glaciers erodes the surface changing it dramatically, with the formation of U-shaped valleys and other landforms. Explore a collection of the most striking and enigmatic landscapes available in Google Earth. [40] It hit Earth with a glancing blow and some of its mass merged with Earth. This causes the seasonal change in climate, with summer in the Northern Hemisphere occurring when the Tropic of Cancer is facing the Sun, and winter taking place when the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere faces the Sun. Earth is sometimes personified as a deity. CBC radio whatonearth - Canada's home for news, sports, lifestyle, comedy, arts, kids, music, original series & more. [206] Finally, temperatures decrease with height causing mountainous areas to be colder than low-lying areas. About 29% of Earth's surface is land consisting of continents and islands. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Earth Hour global organizing team is recommending all individuals to take part online / digitally when possible. [169] During the Ediacaran period, for example, (approximately 620 Ma) there were 400±7 days in a year, with each day lasting 21.9±0.4 hours. [233] 68% of the land mass of the world is in the Northern Hemisphere. [30], There are a number of adjectives for the planet Earth. [160], In modern times, Earth's perihelion occurs around 3 January, and its aphelion around 4 July. In geodesy, the exact shape that Earth's oceans would adopt in the absence of land and perturbations such as tides and winds is called the geoid. The land surface of the world. The most abundant silicate minerals on Earth's surface include quartz, feldspars, amphibole, mica, pyroxene and olivine. Because Earth rotates under polar-orbiting satellites, they pass over its entire surface within a given time period, providing full global coverage. [232] Human population density varies widely around the world, but a majority live in Asia. About 29% of Earth's surface is land consisting of continents and islands. [257] Creation myths in many religions involve the creation of Earth by a supernatural deity or deities. Earth Day Canada has unveiled its campaign for the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, produced in collaboration with lg2. It is the only planet known to have life on it. [193] Water vapor content varies between 0.01% and 4%[193] but averages about 1%. Explore worldwide satellite imagery and 3D buildings and terrain for hundreds of cities. (.DAT file (displays as plaintext in browser)), International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Table of physical properties of planets in the Solar System, "Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms", "General Definitions and Numerical Standards", "Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents. [244], Earth has resources that have been exploited by humans. How are they they put together? [255] The standard astronomical symbol of Earth consists of a cross circumscribed by a circle, ,[256] representing the four corners of the world. The land-based ecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanic ecosystem depends on dissolved nutrients washed down from the land. ", "How Are Fossil Fuels Extracted From the Ground? ", "Tides, tidalites, and secular changes in the Earth–Moon system", "Tidally locked exoplanets may be more common than previously thought", "Lunar Phases and Eclipses | Earth's Moon", "A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth", "Earth's moon may not be critical to life", "Equilibrium rotational stability and figure of Mars", "Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3, the smallest and closest Earth quasi-satellite", "First Asteroid Companion of Earth Discovered at Last", "2006 RH120 ( = 6R10DB9) (A second moon for the Earth? Both of these motions are caused by the varying attraction of the Sun and the Moon on Earth's equatorial bulge. A nebula contains gas, ice grains, and dust (including primordial nuclides). [122] Below the ocean's surface are much of the continental shelf, mountains, volcanoes,[88] oceanic trenches, submarine canyons, oceanic plateaus, abyssal plains, and a globe-spanning mid-ocean ridge system. [29] The Greek poetic name Gaia (Gæa) /ˈdʒiːə/ is rare, though the alternative spelling Gaia has become common due to the Gaia hypothesis, in which case its pronunciation is /ˈɡaɪə/ rather than the more Classical /ˈɡeɪə/. ", "Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition", "Paleoclimatology – The Study of Ancient Climates", "The potential of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) for testing the synchronicity of abrupt climate change during the Last Glacial Interval (60,000–11,700 years ago)", "Earth's Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted", "On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere", 10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2, "Astrobiologists Find Evidence of Early Life on Land", "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. [202] Earth's surface can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate. 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